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Word

论证 (lùn zhèng) — Chinese word meaning

HSK 7

论证 (lùn zhèng) is a Chinese word: to demonstrate, to prove (through argumentation). This page shows its pinyin, translation, example sentences, character breakdown, decomposition, and HSK level.

Meaning of 论证

动 dòng verb

to demonstrate, to prove (through argumentation)

他用大量数据论证了自己的观点。

tā yòng dà liàng shù jǔ lùn zhèng le zì jǐ de guān diǎn

He used extensive data to demonstrate his viewpoint.

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Word breakdown

论 lùn — to argue, discuss, reasoning

Words with this character (21)
  • 1 不论 bú lùn — no matter HSK 4
    • 不 not, negation
    • 论 discuss, consider
    Example

    不论天气如何，我们都要出发。

    bú lùn tiān qì rú hé wǒ men dōu yào chū fā

    No matter what the weather is like, we must set off.

  • 2 无论 wú lùn — no matter HSK 4
    • 无 without, not having
    • 论 to consider, to discuss
    Example

    无论发生什么，我都会支持你。

    wú lùn fā shēng shén me wǒ dōu huì zhī chí nǐ

    No matter what happens, I will support you.

  • 3 讨论 tǎo lùn — discuss HSK 4
    • 讨 to seek, to request (opinions/views)
    • 论 discourse, to discuss, to debate
    Example

    我们需要讨论这个问题。

    wǒ men xū yào tǎo lùn zhè ge wèn tí

    We need to discuss this issue.

  • 4 理论 lǐ lùn — theory HSK 5
    • 理 reason, principle, logic
    • 论 discourse, discussion, treatise
    Example

    他提出了一个新的理论。

    tā tí chū le yí ge xīn de lǐ lùn

    He proposed a new theory.

  • 5 结论 jié lùn — conclusion HSK 5
    • 结 to conclude, to tie together
    • 论 discussion, theory, reasoning
    Example

    我们最后得出了一个重要的结论。

    wǒ men zuì hòu dé chū le yí ge zhòng yào de jié lùn

    We finally reached an important conclusion.

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证 zhèng — to prove, verify

Words with this character (20)
Show more (+15)
  • 6 证书 zhèng shū — certificate HSK 5
    • 证 proof, verification
    • 书 document, written record
    Example

    她通过考试后获得了专业资格证书。

    tā tōng guò kǎo shì hòu huò dé le zhuān yè zī gé zhèng shū

    After passing the exam, she obtained a professional qualification certificate.

  • 7 证据 zhèng jù — evidence HSK 5
    • 证 proof, verification
    • 据 basis, grounds
    Example

    警察找到了重要的证据。

    jǐng chá zhǎo dào le zhòng yào de zhèng jù

    The police found important evidence.

  • 8 证实 zhèng shí — to confirm HSK 6
    • 证 evidence, proof
    • 实 real, true, actual
    Example

    这个消息已经被证实了。

    zhè ge xiāo xi yǐ jīng bèi zhèng shí le

    This news has already been confirmed.

  • 9 验证 yàn zhèng — to verify HSK 6
    • 验 to test, to examine
    • 证 to prove, evidence
    Example

    我需要验证你的身份。

    wǒ xū yào yàn zhèng nǐ de shēn fèn

    I need to verify your identity.

  • 10 做证 zuò zhèng — to testify HSK 7
    • 做 to do, to perform (the action)
    • 证 testimony, witness, evidence
    Example

    我可以为你做证。

    wǒ kě yǐ wèi nǐ zuò zhèng

    I can testify for you.

  • 11 公证 gōng zhèng — notarize HSK 7
    • 公 public, official
    • 证 certify, verify
    Example

    这份合同需要公证。

    zhè fèn hé tong xū yào gōng zhèng

    This contract needs to be notarized.

  • 12 凭证 píng zhèng — voucher HSK 7
    • 凭 to rely on, to base on
    • 证 proof, certificate, evidence
    Example

    报销时需要提供相关凭证。

    bào xiāo shí xū yào tí gōng xiāng guān píng zhèng

    When claiming reimbursement, you need to provide relevant vouchers.

  • 13 印证 yìn zhèng — to confirm; to corroborate; to bear out HSK 7
    • 印 mark, imprint (suggesting evidence or confirmation)
    • 证 proof, evidence (the act of proving)
    Example

    考古发现印证了古代文献的记载。

    kǎo gǔ fā xiàn yìn zhèng le gǔ dài wén xiàn de jì zǎi

    Archaeological discoveries corroborate the accounts in ancient texts.

  • 14 求证 qiú zhèng — to verify HSK 7
    • 求 to seek
    • 证 proof, verification
    Example

    科学家通过实验来求证假设。

    kē xué jiā tōng guò shí yàn lái qiú zhèng jiǎ shè

    Scientists verify hypotheses through experiments.

  • 15 物证 wù zhèng — physical evidence HSK 7
    • 物 physical object, material thing
    • 证 evidence, proof
    Example

    警察在现场发现了重要的物证。

    jǐng chá zài xiàn chǎng fā xiàn le zhòng yào de wù zhèng

    The police found important physical evidence at the scene.

  • 16 见证 jiàn zhèng — to witness HSK 7
    • 见 to see, to witness
    • 证 proof, evidence, attestation
    Example

    我们一起见证这个美好的时刻。

    wǒ men yì qǐ jiàn zhèng zhè ge měi hǎo de shí kè

    Let's witness this wonderful moment together.

  • 17 认证 rèn zhèng — to certify, to authenticate HSK 7
    • 认 to recognize, to acknowledge
    • 证 proof, verification, certificate
    Example

    用户需要认证身份才能登录系统。

    yòng hù xū yào rèn zhèng shēn fèn cái néng dēng lù xì tǒng

    Users need to authenticate their identity to log into the system.

  • 18 证人 zhèng rén — witness HSK 7
    • 证 testimony, evidence
    • 人 person
    Example

    他是这起案件的重要证人。

    tā shì zhè qǐ àn jiàn de zhòng yào zhèng rén

    He is an important witness in this case.

  • 19 证券 zhèng quàn — securities HSK 7
    • 证 certificate, proof
    • 券 bond, negotiable instrument
    Example

    他在证券公司工作。

    tā zài zhèng quàn gōng sī gōng zuò

    He works at a securities company.

  • 20 辩证 biàn zhèng — dialectical HSK 7
    • 辩 debate, distinguish between opposing views
    • 证 verify, prove through examination
    Example

    我们要用辩证的观点看问题。

    wǒ men yào yòng biàn zhèng de guān diǎn kàn wèn tí

    We should look at problems from a dialectical perspective.

Structure & writing
1 论 lùn — to analyze and judge the reasoning of things

论 is not used as a component in any other character.

consists of

1.1 讠 yán — speech/language radical
讠 is a component in 75 characters
HSK 1
认 rèn to recognize; to distinguish 识 shí to know; to recognize; to distinguish 话 huà speech; spoken words; language 语 yǔ speech; words 说 shuō to express in words; to speak
Show more HSK 1 characters (+5)
请 qǐng to request; to ask 读 dú to read aloud following written text 课 kè schoolwork; planned segmented instruction 谁 shéi who (interrogative pronoun) 谢 xiè to thank (reduplicated for emphasis)
HSK 2
让 ràng yield; give way to others when both parties need something 记 jì to memorize; to remember 诉 sù to tell, to express fully and unreservedly 词 cí word (the smallest free-standing unit of language, e.g. nouns, verbs, adjectives) 试 shì to try; to attempt; to test informally
HSK 3
议 yì to discuss; to deliberate 讲 jiǎng to speak; to talk 该 gāi should; ought to 调 tiáo well-proportioned; harmonious
HSK 4
计 jì to calculate; to reckon 订 dìng to correct, to revise (errors in text) 讨 tǎo to launch a punitive expedition; to attack with troops 许 xǔ to permit; to allow 论 lùn to analyze and judge the reasoning of things
Show more HSK 4 characters (+8)
证 zhèng to prove or verify with people, objects, or facts 评 píng critical comment or review article 诚 chéng sincere, genuine (of one's heart or intentions) 详 xiáng detailed and thorough (opposite of 略) 误 wù wrong; erroneous 谅 liàng to understand and forgive 谈 tán to speak or discuss 谊 yì friendship; friendly relations
HSK 5
罚 fá to punish someone for a mistake or crime 训 xùn to teach; to admonish 设 shè to arrange; to set up 访 fǎng to inquire; to investigate by questioning 诊 zhěn to examine a patient (to diagnose an illness)
Show more HSK 5 characters (+3)
诗 shī poetry; poem (a literary form expressing emotion through rhythmic language) 询 xún to inquire, to seek opinions 谨 jǐn cautious; careful
HSK 6
讯 xùn to inquire 讶 yà (lit.) to be surprised; to wonder at 诞 dàn to be born; to give birth 诸 zhū all, many, various 诺 nuò an exclamation of agreement, similar to 'yes' or 'okay'
Show more HSK 6 characters (+3)
谐 xié harmonious; well-coordinated 谓 wèi to say; to tell 谦 qiān humble, modest
HSK 7
狱 yù prison; jail 蔼 ǎi friendly, amiable 讥 jī to mock, to satirize 讳 huì to avoid mentioning; to taboo speaking of something 讹 é erroneous; untrue
Show more HSK 7 characters (+22)
讼 sòng to litigate; to take a case to court 讽 fěng to satirize, mock, or admonish with cutting innuendo 诀 jué mnemonic rhyme or phrase summarizing key points of a subject 诈 zhà to deceive; to swindle 诠 quán to explain; to interpret 诡 guǐ deceitful, cunning 诧 chà to be astonished; to feel surprised 诫 jiè to warn; to admonish 诬 wū to falsely accuse; to slander with fabricated facts 诱 yòu to guide; to counsel 诵 sòng read aloud; recite with intonation 诽 fěi to slander; to speak ill of others without basis 谋 móu plan; stratagem; scheme 谍 dié (lit.) to secretly gather intelligence on military, political, or economic matters 谎 huǎng lie; falsehood 谜 mí riddle; enigmatic puzzle phrased in words for guessing 谣 yáo folk song; improvised rhyme sung without accompaniment 谤 bàng (lit.) to denounce and publicize others' faults 谬 miù erroneous; mistaken 谱 pǔ a chart, table, or book compiled by category or system 谴 qiǎn to reproach; to reprimand 辩 biàn to debate; to argue about right and wrong or truth and falsehood
1.2 仑 lún — order, logical sequence, coherence
仑 is a component in 4 characters
HSK 4
论 lùn to analyze and judge the reasoning of things
HSK 6
轮 lún wheel
HSK 7
伦 lún generation; kind; category 抡 lūn to swing one's arm forcefully

Stroke order

2 证 zhèng — to prove or verify with people, objects, or facts

证 is not used as a component in any other character.

consists of

2.1 讠 yán — speech/language radical
讠 is a component in 75 characters
HSK 1
认 rèn to recognize; to distinguish 识 shí to know; to recognize; to distinguish 话 huà speech; spoken words; language 语 yǔ speech; words 说 shuō to express in words; to speak
Show more HSK 1 characters (+5)
请 qǐng to request; to ask 读 dú to read aloud following written text 课 kè schoolwork; planned segmented instruction 谁 shéi who (interrogative pronoun) 谢 xiè to thank (reduplicated for emphasis)
HSK 2
让 ràng yield; give way to others when both parties need something 记 jì to memorize; to remember 诉 sù to tell, to express fully and unreservedly 词 cí word (the smallest free-standing unit of language, e.g. nouns, verbs, adjectives) 试 shì to try; to attempt; to test informally
HSK 3
议 yì to discuss; to deliberate 讲 jiǎng to speak; to talk 该 gāi should; ought to 调 tiáo well-proportioned; harmonious
HSK 4
计 jì to calculate; to reckon 订 dìng to correct, to revise (errors in text) 讨 tǎo to launch a punitive expedition; to attack with troops 许 xǔ to permit; to allow 论 lùn to analyze and judge the reasoning of things
Show more HSK 4 characters (+8)
证 zhèng to prove or verify with people, objects, or facts 评 píng critical comment or review article 诚 chéng sincere, genuine (of one's heart or intentions) 详 xiáng detailed and thorough (opposite of 略) 误 wù wrong; erroneous 谅 liàng to understand and forgive 谈 tán to speak or discuss 谊 yì friendship; friendly relations
HSK 5
罚 fá to punish someone for a mistake or crime 训 xùn to teach; to admonish 设 shè to arrange; to set up 访 fǎng to inquire; to investigate by questioning 诊 zhěn to examine a patient (to diagnose an illness)
Show more HSK 5 characters (+3)
诗 shī poetry; poem (a literary form expressing emotion through rhythmic language) 询 xún to inquire, to seek opinions 谨 jǐn cautious; careful
HSK 6
讯 xùn to inquire 讶 yà (lit.) to be surprised; to wonder at 诞 dàn to be born; to give birth 诸 zhū all, many, various 诺 nuò an exclamation of agreement, similar to 'yes' or 'okay'
Show more HSK 6 characters (+3)
谐 xié harmonious; well-coordinated 谓 wèi to say; to tell 谦 qiān humble, modest
HSK 7
狱 yù prison; jail 蔼 ǎi friendly, amiable 讥 jī to mock, to satirize 讳 huì to avoid mentioning; to taboo speaking of something 讹 é erroneous; untrue
Show more HSK 7 characters (+22)
讼 sòng to litigate; to take a case to court 讽 fěng to satirize, mock, or admonish with cutting innuendo 诀 jué mnemonic rhyme or phrase summarizing key points of a subject 诈 zhà to deceive; to swindle 诠 quán to explain; to interpret 诡 guǐ deceitful, cunning 诧 chà to be astonished; to feel surprised 诫 jiè to warn; to admonish 诬 wū to falsely accuse; to slander with fabricated facts 诱 yòu to guide; to counsel 诵 sòng read aloud; recite with intonation 诽 fěi to slander; to speak ill of others without basis 谋 móu plan; stratagem; scheme 谍 dié (lit.) to secretly gather intelligence on military, political, or economic matters 谎 huǎng lie; falsehood 谜 mí riddle; enigmatic puzzle phrased in words for guessing 谣 yáo folk song; improvised rhyme sung without accompaniment 谤 bàng (lit.) to denounce and publicize others' faults 谬 miù erroneous; mistaken 谱 pǔ a chart, table, or book compiled by category or system 谴 qiǎn to reproach; to reprimand 辩 biàn to debate; to argue about right and wrong or truth and falsehood
2.2 正 zhèng — straight; upright (opposite of crooked or tilted)
Xpinyin
正 is a component in 6 characters
HSK 4
整 zhěng whole; complete; entire (opposite of '零') 证 zhèng to prove or verify with people, objects, or facts
HSK 5
征 zhēng to travel a long distance (often of troops on campaign) 政 zhèng politics; affairs of state
HSK 6
歪 wāi not straight; crooked; tilted (opposite of 'straight') 症 zhèng disease; illness

Stroke order