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论文 (lùn wén) — Chinese word meaning

HSK 5

论文 (lùn wén) is a Chinese word: thesis. This page shows its pinyin, translation, example sentences, character breakdown, decomposition, and HSK level.

Meaning of 论文

名 míng noun

thesis

他正在写毕业论文。

tā zhèng zài xiě bì yè lùn wén

He is writing his graduation thesis.

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Word breakdown

论 lùn — discourse, discussion, argumentation

Words with this character (21)
  • 1 不论 bú lùn — no matter HSK 4
    • 不 not, negation
    • 论 discuss, consider
    Example

    不论天气如何，我们都要出发。

    bú lùn tiān qì rú hé wǒ men dōu yào chū fā

    No matter what the weather is like, we must set off.

  • 2 无论 wú lùn — no matter HSK 4
    • 无 without, not having
    • 论 to consider, to discuss
    Example

    无论发生什么，我都会支持你。

    wú lùn fā shēng shén me wǒ dōu huì zhī chí nǐ

    No matter what happens, I will support you.

  • 3 讨论 tǎo lùn — discuss HSK 4
    • 讨 to seek, to request (opinions/views)
    • 论 discourse, to discuss, to debate
    Example

    我们需要讨论这个问题。

    wǒ men xū yào tǎo lùn zhè ge wèn tí

    We need to discuss this issue.

  • 4 理论 lǐ lùn — theory HSK 5
    • 理 reason, principle, logic
    • 论 discourse, discussion, treatise
    Example

    他提出了一个新的理论。

    tā tí chū le yí ge xīn de lǐ lùn

    He proposed a new theory.

  • 5 结论 jié lùn — conclusion HSK 5
    • 结 to conclude, to tie together
    • 论 discussion, theory, reasoning
    Example

    我们最后得出了一个重要的结论。

    wǒ men zuì hòu dé chū le yí ge zhòng yào de jié lùn

    We finally reached an important conclusion.

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文 wén — written text, article, document

Words with this character (23)
Show more (+18)
  • 6 文字 wén zì — written language HSK 4
    • 文 writing, text, literary aspect
    • 字 character, symbol, letter
    Example

    汉字是中国的文字。

    Hàn zì shì Zhōng guó de wén zì

    Chinese characters are China's written language.

  • 7 文章 wén zhāng — article HSK 4
    • 文 writing, text
    • 章 composition, structured piece
    Example

    这篇文章很有意思。

    zhè piān wén zhāng hěn yǒu yì si

    This article is very interesting.

  • 8 文学 wén xué — literature HSK 5
    • 文 writing, literary works, culture
    • 学 study, field of knowledge, discipline
    Example

    她对中国古典文学很感兴趣。

    tā duì zhōng guó gǔ diǎn wén xué hěn gǎn xìng qù

    She is very interested in classical Chinese literature.

  • 9 语文 yǔ wén — Chinese (subject) HSK 5
    • 语 language, speech
    • 文 writing, literature
    Example

    她的语文成绩很好。

    tā de yǔ wén chéng jì hěn hǎo

    Her Chinese grades are very good.

  • 10 天文 tiān wén — astronomy HSK 6
    • 天 celestial, heavenly
    • 文 patterns, phenomena
    Example

    他对天文很感兴趣。

    tā duì tiān wén hěn gǎn xìng qù

    He is very interested in astronomy.

  • 11 散文 sǎn wén — prose HSK 6
    • 散 free-form, unstructured
    • 文 writing, literature
    Example

    这本书收录了许多优美的散文。

    zhè běn shū shōu lù le xǔ duō yōu měi de sǎn wén

    This book contains many beautiful prose pieces.

  • 12 文具 wén jù — stationery HSK 6
    • 文 writing, literary
    • 具 tools, implements
    Example

    我需要买一些文具。

    wǒ xū yào mǎi yī xiē wén jù

    I need to buy some stationery.

  • 13 文明 wén míng — civilization HSK 6
    • 文 culture, refinement, literacy
    • 明 enlightenment, clarity, advancement
    Example

    中国有五千年的文明历史。

    Zhōng guó yǒu wǔ qiān nián de wén míng lì shǐ

    China has five thousand years of civilization history.

  • 14 文档 wén dàng — document HSK 6
    • 文 text, written content
    • 档 file, record
    Example

    请把文档发给我。

    qǐng bǎ wén dàng fā gěi wǒ

    Please send me the document.

  • 15 文物 wén wù — cultural relic HSK 6
    • 文 culture, civilization
    • 物 object, item
    Example

    这座博物馆收藏了许多珍贵的文物。

    zhè zuò bó wù guǎn shōu cáng le xǔ duō zhēn guì de wén wù

    This museum houses many precious cultural relics.

  • 16 文献 wén xiàn — literature HSK 6
    • 文 written text, literary works
    • 献 presented materials, dedicated works for reference
    Example

    这篇论文引用了大量文献。

    zhè piān lùn wén yǐn yòng le dà liàng wén xiàn

    This paper cites extensive literature.

  • 17 文科 wén kē — liberal arts HSK 6
    • 文 humanities/culture/literature
    • 科 subject/department/field of study
    Example

    他选择了文科，因为对历史很感兴趣。

    tā xuǎn zé le wén kē yīn wèi duì lì shǐ hěn gǎn xìng qù

    He chose liberal arts because he's very interested in history.

  • 18 文艺 wén yì — literature and art HSK 6
    • 文 literature, literary, culture
    • 艺 art, artistic
    Example

    她喜欢参加各种文艺活动。

    tā xǐ huan cān jiā gè zhǒng wén yì huó dòng

    She likes to participate in various literary and artistic activities.

  • 19 人文 rén wén — humanities HSK 7
    • 人 human, people
    • 文 culture, civilization, refinement
    Example

    这座城市有深厚的人文历史。

    zhè zuò chéng shì yǒu shēn hòu de rén wén lì shǐ

    This city has a deep humanistic history.

  • 20 文人 wén rén — scholar; literati; man of letters HSK 7
    • 文 literature; culture; learning
    • 人 person; people
    Example

    古代的文人都很重视书法。

    gǔ dài de wén rén dōu hěn zhòng shì shū fǎ

    Ancient scholars all valued calligraphy greatly.

  • 21 文凭 wén píng — diploma HSK 7
    • 文 written document, written certification
    • 凭 proof, evidence, credential
    Example

    这份工作需要本科文凭。

    zhè fèn gōng zuò xū yào běn kē wén píng

    This job requires a bachelor's degree.

  • 22 文盲 wén máng — illiterate person HSK 7
    • 文 written language, literacy
    • 盲 blind, unable to read
    Example

    他从未上过学，是个文盲。

    tā cóng wèi shàng guò xué shì gè wén máng

    He never went to school and is illiterate.

  • 23 文雅 wén yǎ — refined HSK 7
    • 文 cultured, literary, refined
    • 雅 elegant, graceful, tasteful
    Example

    她说话很文雅。

    tā shuō huà hěn wén yǎ

    She speaks very refinedly.

Structure & writing
1 论 lùn — to analyze and judge the reasoning of things

论 is not used as a component in any other character.

consists of

1.1 讠 yán — speech/language radical
讠 is a component in 75 characters
HSK 1
认 rèn to recognize; to distinguish 识 shí to know; to recognize; to distinguish 话 huà speech; spoken words; language 语 yǔ speech; words 说 shuō to express in words; to speak
Show more HSK 1 characters (+5)
请 qǐng to request; to ask 读 dú to read aloud following written text 课 kè schoolwork; planned segmented instruction 谁 shéi who (interrogative pronoun) 谢 xiè to thank (reduplicated for emphasis)
HSK 2
让 ràng yield; give way to others when both parties need something 记 jì to memorize; to remember 诉 sù to tell, to express fully and unreservedly 词 cí word (the smallest free-standing unit of language, e.g. nouns, verbs, adjectives) 试 shì to try; to attempt; to test informally
HSK 3
议 yì to discuss; to deliberate 讲 jiǎng to speak; to talk 该 gāi should; ought to 调 tiáo well-proportioned; harmonious
HSK 4
计 jì to calculate; to reckon 订 dìng to correct, to revise (errors in text) 讨 tǎo to launch a punitive expedition; to attack with troops 许 xǔ to permit; to allow 论 lùn to analyze and judge the reasoning of things
Show more HSK 4 characters (+8)
证 zhèng to prove or verify with people, objects, or facts 评 píng critical comment or review article 诚 chéng sincere, genuine (of one's heart or intentions) 详 xiáng detailed and thorough (opposite of 略) 误 wù wrong; erroneous 谅 liàng to understand and forgive 谈 tán to speak or discuss 谊 yì friendship; friendly relations
HSK 5
罚 fá to punish someone for a mistake or crime 训 xùn to teach; to admonish 设 shè to arrange; to set up 访 fǎng to inquire; to investigate by questioning 诊 zhěn to examine a patient (to diagnose an illness)
Show more HSK 5 characters (+3)
诗 shī poetry; poem (a literary form expressing emotion through rhythmic language) 询 xún to inquire, to seek opinions 谨 jǐn cautious; careful
HSK 6
讯 xùn to inquire 讶 yà (lit.) to be surprised; to wonder at 诞 dàn to be born; to give birth 诸 zhū all, many, various 诺 nuò an exclamation of agreement, similar to 'yes' or 'okay'
Show more HSK 6 characters (+3)
谐 xié harmonious; well-coordinated 谓 wèi to say; to tell 谦 qiān humble, modest
HSK 7
狱 yù prison; jail 蔼 ǎi friendly, amiable 讥 jī to mock, to satirize 讳 huì to avoid mentioning; to taboo speaking of something 讹 é erroneous; untrue
Show more HSK 7 characters (+22)
讼 sòng to litigate; to take a case to court 讽 fěng to satirize, mock, or admonish with cutting innuendo 诀 jué mnemonic rhyme or phrase summarizing key points of a subject 诈 zhà to deceive; to swindle 诠 quán to explain; to interpret 诡 guǐ deceitful, cunning 诧 chà to be astonished; to feel surprised 诫 jiè to warn; to admonish 诬 wū to falsely accuse; to slander with fabricated facts 诱 yòu to guide; to counsel 诵 sòng read aloud; recite with intonation 诽 fěi to slander; to speak ill of others without basis 谋 móu plan; stratagem; scheme 谍 dié (lit.) to secretly gather intelligence on military, political, or economic matters 谎 huǎng lie; falsehood 谜 mí riddle; enigmatic puzzle phrased in words for guessing 谣 yáo folk song; improvised rhyme sung without accompaniment 谤 bàng (lit.) to denounce and publicize others' faults 谬 miù erroneous; mistaken 谱 pǔ a chart, table, or book compiled by category or system 谴 qiǎn to reproach; to reprimand 辩 biàn to debate; to argue about right and wrong or truth and falsehood
1.2 仑 lún — order, logical sequence, coherence
仑 is a component in 4 characters
HSK 4
论 lùn to analyze and judge the reasoning of things
HSK 6
轮 lún wheel
HSK 7
伦 lún generation; kind; category 抡 lūn to swing one's arm forcefully

Stroke order

2 文 wén — written character; script
文 is a component in 9 characters
HSK 1
这 zhè this (person or thing nearby, as opposed to 那)
HSK 5
浏 liú (lit.) clear and limpid (of water)
HSK 7
吝 lìn miserly; stingy with one's possessions 坟 fén grave mound; burial mound 斑 bān spots or stripes of a contrasting color 紊 wěn disordered; chaotic; confused 纹 wén pattern or design on silk fabric; decorative pattern or texture in general
Show more HSK 7 characters (+2)
虔 qián reverent; devout 蚊 wén mosquito

文 is an atomic character — it does not decompose further.

Stroke order